Exploring Dark Matter and Dark Energy: New Insights from the Latest Cosmological Data

Abstract

The universe is predominantly composed of unknown substances that do not emit or interact with

light in detectable ways—dark matter and dark energy. These two enigmatic components make

up about 95% of the universe's total mass-energy content. Dark matter is inferred from its

gravitational effects on visible matter, while dark energy is thought to be responsible for the

accelerated expansion of the universe. Recent advances in cosmological data, particularly from

missions like the European Space Agency's Gaia, NASA's Planck, and the Dark Energy Survey,

have led to new insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy. This paper reviews the

current understanding of dark matter and dark energy, highlights the latest cosmological

findings, and discusses their implications for the future of cosmology.